Melanoma

Melanoma is a rare malignant tumor. Its share in obscheystrukture cancer incidence ranges from 1 to 1,5%. There are geographical features of the spread of melanoma: more common in people living in southern countries. Increased solar activity increases the risk of melanoma. In various regigionah world annual incidence rate ranges from 5 to 30 per 100 000 population. Ill with melanoma of the skin, mostly the face after 30 years
 Factors contributing to the malignant transformation of pigmented nevi, prevention of malignancy
Very important fact is that approximately 70% of patients develop melanoma on the site of an existing pigmented nevus. Pigmented nevi or birthmarks according to the International histological classification of tumors of the skin (WHO) are benign tumors.

Benign (nevi)Border nevi.Complex nevi.Vnutridermalny nevi.Epitelloid and (or) the spindle nevus.Nevus of ballonoobraznyh cells.Galonevus.Giant pigmented nevus.Fibrous papule of the nose (involutional nevus).Blue nevus.Cellular blue nevus.Precancerous changesPrecancerous melanosis, melanotic spot Hutchinson   Malignant melanoma.Malignant melanoma, which arose from precancerous melanosis, including Hutchinson's melanotic spot.Malignant melanoma, which arose from a blue nevus.Malignant melanoma, which arose out of a giant pigmented nevus of.Non-tumoral pigmented lesionsMongolian spot.Lentigines.Efelid.Pigmented nevi are found, according to various sources, from 25-50% of patients.Preferred their location is in the area of the head and shei. K melanoma-nevus dangerous include:  Melanosis Dyubreyya (80% of cases).Giant pigmented nevi (13% of cases).Cyan (blue) neviNevusOtta.Border nevus (precancerous dermatosis, which can be spotty, kokardnym, mishenepodobnym). Mixed (complex) nevi (in 50-80% of cases).Juvenile melanoma (spindle nevus, epithelioid nevi).Dysplastic nevi (precursor of melanoma). Pigmented nevi vnutridermalny.Lentigines.  Nevi are congenital and acquired. Appear in childhood, with an increase in the body, they increase in size and usually prekrschayut its growth after puberty. With age, nevi usually depigmenting and fibrosing.  Among the factors contributing to the malignant transformation of nevi, should note the increased insolation, and various types of injuries, endocrine and genetic factors.More than half of melanoma patients say link the disease with mechanical trauma of the existing nevus. Functional changes of the endocrine system during puberty, pregnancy, menopause have an effect on pigment metabolism and may contribute to melanoma. Caused by genetic factors in skin color, hair, eyes, the presence of lentikulov (freckles), the number, size and shape of the pigment spots on different parts of the body, skin reaction to ultraviolet rays affect the incidence of melanoma.The existence of so-called family melanomas demonstrates the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of melanoma.  Preventive measures melanoma of the skin are:

 Limit the long and intense exposure to sunlight on the area of localization of pigmented nevi (mainly head and neck).Prophylactic excision travmiruemyh nevi.