place cancer

From malignant neoplasms of larynx is in first place cancer (cancer laryngis).Laryngeal cancer affects mostly men between the ages of 40 to 70 years: 100 men accounted for 8 women.
In the etiology of cancer known value attached to a number of diseases of larynx, which are called precancerous. These include:
papilloma, a long-livedleukoplakia of the mucous membrane and its dyskeratosispachydermiafibroma on a broad basebranchial cysts or other origin laryngeal ventriclechronic inflammatory processes that are not inferior treatment due to syphilis, alcoholism, smoking.The most significant is a malignancy of papillomas. Intermediate form between precancerous diseases and cancer is the so-called "carcinoma in situ classification of cancer of the larynx 1 takes into account the localization and tumor stage. This is dictated by the peculiarities of it depending on the place of destruction, which in turn is explained by the anatomical structure of the larynx, especially the lymphatic system it.
Distinguish the following three major divisions of larynx:
The upper, or vestibular, division of larynx, which includes scooped-epiglottic ligament with glottal hand, the false vocal cords, morganievy ventricles and epiglottis.Medium Division - the region of the true vocal cords.The lower, or subglottic, Department of the larynx.I stage. Tumor or an ulcer, limited mucosal and submucosal layer and do not extend beyond a single department larynx.
Stage II. Tumor or an ulcer, and limited mucosal and submucosal layer, is entirely a part of a larynx, but not beyond its limits. The mobility of the larynx preserved. In regional areas of metastasis are not determined.
Stage III:
a) The tumor was transferred to the underlying tissues, causing stiffness corresponding to half of the larynx, but not beyond the scope of any one of the department;b) tumor spread to other parts of the larynx. The presence of single or multiple mobile regional metastases or solitary metastasis limited mobility.Stage IV:
a) extensive tumor occupying most of the larynx with infiltration of the underlying tissues;b) a tumor penetrating into the adjacent organs;c) fixed metastasis in cervical lymph nodes, and d) tumor of any size in the presence of distant metastases.Symptomatology of laryngeal cancer depends on the stage and its localization.Swelling on the epiglottis or the false vocal cords can be a long time does not manifest itself, for the patient to remain unnoticed. Conversely, when localization of the true vocal cords very early disturbed phonation: first, changing tone of voice, it becomes rough, and then there is hoarseness. Hoarseness, and often causes the patient to see a doctor.
In the future, to the extent of tumor growth, hoarseness increased, the patient can speak only in whispers. At the same time developing another symptom - shortness of breath. In advanced stages there pain when swallowing.
In cancer of the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage is preceded by a feeling of pain sensation of awkwardness or something stranger. In the case of dissolution of the tumor and secondary accession perihondrita pain much worse. After some time there is coughing up blood, choking, difficulty associated with the passage of food through the esophagus.
Disintegrating tumor produces a stench. Patients lose weight, get weak, rising cachexia. Thus, the earliest symptom of laryngeal cancer is often hoarseness. Since this is a symptom and many other diseases of the larynx, the elucidation of causes of hoarseness is possible only by laryngoscopy.
Laryngoscopy, especially in the localization of tumors in the true vocal cords, allows us to establish the presence of tumor, even in cases where the dimensions of no more than petty pea. In this way, provided the main conditions to fight the cancer process - early diagnosis.
In the subglottic space, the primary cancer is rare, occurs for some time without symptoms and is diagnosed when the leaves are already beyond this space.Subsequently the tumor spread to the true vocal cords, thus there is persistent hoarseness. This symptom is typical and appears earlier than the shortness of breath.Lead one to believe there may be a tumor on a unilateral increase in the arytenoid cartilage.
Helps to recognize tumor traheoskopiya. With the spread of cancer of the neighboring organs - the throat, base of tongue, esophagus - joined new symptoms: inability to swallow, obstruction of the esophagus. State of the esophagus turns using fluoroscopy and esophagoscopy.
Diagnosis of laryngeal cancer confirmed by microscopic examination piece of infiltration. However, if a positive response histology in this case is crucial, the negative conclusion is usually considered to be doubtful.
It happens that the histologist sees change as an inflammatory process, as determined by the laryngoscopic tumor. This discrepancy may be explained by taking a test piece from the surface, a secondary inflammatory process, the simultaneous presence of two diseases, such as cancer and syphilis, or cancer and tuberculosis.Sometimes it does not help clarify the nature of the process and repeat biopsy.Special caution must be exercised in cases where the microscopic papilloma diagnosed in older men.
Laryngeal cancer used a combination (sequential) treatment: radiation therapy and surgery.