Breast cancer treatments

    Breast cancer treatment begins after a complete examination women establish tumor stage, general condition of the woman, the presence of comorbidities . 

 At the moment there are the following treatments for breast cancer :
Operative technique for breast cancer depends on many factors: the stage of the disease , the distribution process, tumor size, age of the patient.

The following methods of breast surgery : 

Organo -sparing surgery :
Lumpectomy ( wide resection ) , the surgeon removes the tumor to the surrounding healthy tissue , in this case remains undamaged part of the gland. The operation is possible only at stage 0 cancer , usually complemented by radiation therapy. Used to treat cancer in young women.
Sector breast resection (removal of the breast) , removing the lymph nodes under the arm . Such an operation is possible with 0 and 1 -stage cancer . In order to eliminate possible remaining cancer cells after surgery , and radiation therapy . 

Operations in which the breast is removed :
Simple mastectomy ( breast completely removed with a part of the lymph nodes, but left pectoral muscle and enough skin to close the wound ) .
Extended mastectomy ( breast completely removed with the lymph nodes under the armpit and collarbone ) .
These two operations are executed most often.
breast Massage

Extended radical mastectomy ( breast removed , as well as the lymph nodes under the arm , below the clavicle and part of the chest muscles , sternum , ribs). This operation is performed with tumor invasion into neighboring tissue.
Surgical treatments .

    Chemotherapy is assigned to kill those cancer cells that may have spread throughout the body . Chemotherapy is usually given after 2-10 weeks after surgery and continued for 3 to 6 months. Means, used for chemotherapy , have the ability to kill cancer cells , but also have many side effects . They are introduced into the body in the form of tablets or intramuscular and intravenous injections. Spreading through the bloodstream , these drugs affect the whole body .

    Hormone therapy is used to stop the effects on cancer cells of female sex hormones (particularly estrogen ) , which is enhanced under the influence of their growth. Assigned drug tamoxifen, which has an anti-estrogen effect. In some cases, resorting to surgery remove the ovaries , which are the main source of the hormone estrogen .

    Radiation therapy - local effects on breast lesions and lymph outflow tract . Before the surgery, radiation therapy aims to reduce the size of the tumor and destroy the most malignant its cells to during surgery reduce the likelihood of " contamination" of the wound tumor cells. Postoperative radiation therapy is aimed at the destruction of possible remaining tumor cells in the area of ​​operations and in the body as a whole. With the use of radiation therapy may develop the following complications : radiation burns to the skin , the development of lung inflammation may occur rib fractures .
If a close relative had breast cancer , ranging from 20 years once a year must pass a screening examination of mammary glands.

 As a rule, treatment of breast cancer conducted in a complex, ie, a combination of surgical technique with radiation , hormone therapy and chemotherapy . Forecast full recovery depends on many factors :
Whether involved in the process of regional lymph nodes ( axillary , subclavian). This is determined by examining the distant lymph nodes during surgery . If they do not find cancer cells in the prognosis of full recovery ratio more favorable .

Tumor size (the smaller the size of the tumor , the better the prognosis .)
Histological characteristics of the tumor. After removal of the tumor is necessarily subjected to histological examination . Sections were diseased tissue examined under a microscope and the amount and nature of atypical (cancerous cells).
Hormone receptors . Breast cancer cells have normal receptors for female sex hormones , whereby iron characteristic changes in response to varying levels of hormones. The study showed that approximately two thirds of all breast tumors have estrogen receptors . At the same time there is a positive effect of hormonal treatment .

    Proliferative activity of tumor cells (the ability of tumor cells to proliferate ) . Cancer cells that have a high proliferative capacity , divide more frequently and is therefore more aggressive.