Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs, but ranks last among these diseases as a cause of death, as detected usually at an early stage when the disease responds well to treatment . Recent decades, the incidence of endometrial cancer has been steadily increasing, which is apparently due to the increase in life expectancy of women and their stay in the postmenopausal period . Uterine cancer mostly occurs in postmenopausal women , average age of the patients was 60-62 years . During the life of endometrial cancer sick 2-3 % of women.
There are two pathogenic variant of endometrial cancer - hormone-dependent and autonomous .

Hormone-dependent cancer of the uterus occurs in about 70 % of the observations in the pathogenesis of this cancer plays a role long giperestrogeniya . Giperestrogeniya may result from anovulation feminizing ovarian tumors , obesity , diabetes, while hormone replacement therapy and treatment of breast cancer with tamoxifen , etc. hormone-dependent cancer of the corpus uteri precedes sequential occurrence of hyperplastic and precancerous endometrial processes . Risk factors for hormone-dependent endometrial cancer include infertility, nulliparity , late menopause, obesity, diabetes , hypertension , family history on cancer with endocrine- metabolic pathogenesis (breast cancer , endometrial, ovarian , colon ) , hormone producing tumor ovarian estrogen replacement monotherapy in postmenopausal women , the use of tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer.
Stand-alone version of endometrial cancer occurs in less than 30 % of cases , occurs against a background of endometrial atrophy in the absence giperestrogenii patients without metabolic and endocrine disorders . It is believed that the development of an autonomous variant of endometrial cancer plays the role of T- severe depression of the immune system against the background of adaptive homeostasis disorders . Changes in immune comprised a significant reduction of the absolute and relative amount of T -lymphocytes, inhibition of T- lymphocyte subpopulations .
Autonomous uterine cancer develops in older age. For this option is not set risk factors. It generally develops in lean elderly women with no previous hyperplastic processes . In the history of bleeding can be observed in postmenopausal women against the background of atrophic endometrium . The tumor has a low differentiation, low sensitivity to the hormone , occur early in the myometrium invasion and metastasis .
Cause of cancer of the endometrium
Endometrial cancer , as hormone-dependent tumors , acts target for sex steroid hormones , providing normal phase change in the membrane of the body of the uterus. Of hormonal homeostasis arising from functional and anatomical changes in the system гипоталамогипофизарнояичниковой lead to proliferative processes in the endometrium , and further to the development of hyperplastic processes in it , creating a background for the development of malignant neoplasia. However, the cause of precancer and cancer on this background remains unclear to date .
Risk factors for endometrial cancer include:

•     endokrinnoobmennye disorders (eg , obesity, diabetes , hypertension );
•     gormonalnozavisimym dysfunction of female genital mutilation ( anovulation , hyperestrogenism , infertility );
•     gormonalnoaktivnye ovarian tumors ( granulezotekakletochnaya Brenner tumors and in 20 % of cases, followed by endometrial cancer );
•     genetic predisposition ;
•     lack of sexual activity, pregnancy , childbirth ;
•     later menarche , menopause (age 55 years) ;
•     hormonal therapy (tamoxifen ) .

SYMPTOMS of endometrial cancer
The most commonly observed symptom - atypical uterine bleeding - nepatognomonichen for endometrial cancer , as is typical for many gynecological diseases (eg , MM , adenomyosis ), especially in women of reproductive and perimenopausal periods . Patients of childbearing age more likely to seek help in the antenatal clinic , where for a long time observed and treated by gynecologists because of dysfunctional violations гипоталамогипофизарнояичниковой system. This is a common mistake in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in young due to the lack of suspicion of cancer doctors polyclinics . The main clinical symptoms that lead young women to the doctor, there are primary acyclic uterine bleeding , infertility , ovarian dysfunction .
However, bleeding is the "classic" symptom only in postmenopausal women.
The appearance of abundant serous cables in older women without concomitant inflammatory diseases of the uterus , vagina , cervix, typical for endometrial cancer . Development of the disease may be accompanied by profuse watery discharge ( leucorrhea ) characteristic of the PMT .
Pain - late symptom of the disease . More often localized in the lower abdomen and poyasnichnokresttsovoy area are cramping or permanent. A significant proportion of patients go to the doctor too late , ie when there are signs of tumor dissemination process ( dysfunction of bladder, bowel ) . This is due to low medikoprosvetitelnoy work and lack of preventive inspections carried out among the population.

Treatment of endometrial cancerTactics of this kind of cure is dependent on :

    the age of the patient ,
    clinical stage of the cancer ,
    general condition.
Endometrial cancer is treatable in the early stages . The most common method is the surgical removal of the uterus , cervix , ovaries , and fallopian tubes. In order to identify possible further spread of the disease removed for analysis of the aortic and pelvic lymph nodes.
In the event of widespread cancer may further apply the following measures :
1.Himioterapiya to kill cancer cells.
2.Gormonalnaya therapy to block the further development of the disease.
3.Radioterapiya to kill cancer cells.
After the detection of cancer , the patient may experience fear , depressed mood , anger . For an immediate withdrawal of depressed state , it is recommended to communicate with people who have overcome the disease . It is also advisable to ask your doctor about the presence of the nearest support group cancer patients .