Testicular cancer is not always the manifestation. Usually the disease manifests itself in testicular tumor , which is the first symptom of cancer. When this tumor is painless. Furthermore, among the manifestations of testicular cancer can be noted as follows:
- increase in testicular
- seal eggs
- Pain in the scrotum or lower abdomen.
For some types of testicular cancer , such as choriocarcinoma , leydigoma , sertolioma ) characterized by an increased production of hormones (eg , human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) , estrogen , testosterone ) . Increased hCG , for example, may manifest as breast augmentation (eg, gynecomastia) . Elevated levels of estrogen can lead to decreased libido ( sex drive ), and increase the level of testosterone leads to premature puberty in boys , which is manifested , for example, hair growth on the face and body.
Most often, the tumor does not cause any painful sensation, they occur in the case where cancer proceeds to the spermatic cord , which elements are, in particular , the nerves . Later - egg becomes very dense , it is deformed . Then the boundary between the egg and its appendage disappears, and between egg shells accumulated liquid.
Approximately 3% of the tumor develops immediately in both testes , usually one and the same , but maybe her appearance on one side and a few years later .
Metastasis of cancer pain can be observed in their respective fields . For example, when metastases vertebra marked pain in the back , with metastases to the lungs - marked hemoptysis or shortness of breath and cough.
What you need to know about the diagnosis of testicular cancer
- Diagnosis of testicular cancer involves the collection of complaints and questioning of the patient, physical examination and laboratory investigations ;
- The doctor is conducting a survey of the testes , stomach and regional lymph nodes for the presence of tumor ;
- Should rule out other conditions in which there may be a testicular tumor ;
- To confirm the diagnosis of testicular cancer biopsy .
First
, what is the diagnosis of any disease, including testicular cancer ,
is to ask the patient, where the doctor collects the patient's
complaints . Detail should tell the doctor everything you are concerned , and not
only because of the scrotum , as distant metastases may experience pain
in very different areas.
Then the doctor collects the so-called history , the history of the patient's life and how the disease developed . It is necessary, first, to find out the possible contributing factors , as well as to evaluate the aggressiveness of the tumor and its rate of growth.
Next comes the inspection and palpation of the patient. The first doctor examines bodies scrotum . Ranked appearance, skin color. After that the doctor feels the scrotum , as well as areas of regional lymph nodes . It is this method of examination reveals a tumor , to assess its size, shape , density, soreness.
Next carefully palpated and abdomen , as testicular cancer and can metastasize to lymph nodes , located in the abdominal cavity.
Should be said about this is not less important in terms of preventive method of investigating how self-examination . When this man inspects his monthly scrotum and palpate her . If you suspect the presence of a tumor or seals should consult a urologist . Skills Training is especially recommended for people with high risk of testicular cancer .
The best time for self-examination - while taking a warm bath or shower or bath when the skin of the scrotum and testicles relaxed maximally lowered into the scrotum. Palpation should be gentle , not oppressive movement . Fingers should like skim the surface eggs, so you can catch changes its shape in the presence of a tumor.
Thus the patient may be noted that more than one egg a few other and located just below . This is the norm . Furthermore, on top of the posterior surface of the testicle can be felt in the form of epididymis cord , which should not be confused with the tumor. Appendage used to transport sperm to the seminal vesicles .
Very important tool in the diagnosis of testicular cancer are special methods and tests, such as ultrasound of the scrotum , biopsies and blood tests for tumor markers .
Scrotal ultrasound - an important method of diagnosis , including diseases of the scrotum . Unfortunately, only one ultrasound can not accurately set the diagnosis of testicular cancer , but it helps to determine which character has one or other pathology, show the presence of fluid in the scrotum , which simulates a tumor or cyst.
Blood tests. As we have said , in some forms of testicular cancer in the blood levels of certain hormones. Moreover , this disease increases in blood levels of certain substances, which are signs of cancer - the so called tumor markers . For example, for neseminomnyh tumors characterized by increased levels of so-called alpha- fetoprotein ( AFP) . Levels of certain hormones may increase as in seminoma and nonseminoma at . In some types of testicular cancer in the late stage may increase the level of enzymes (eg , LDH ) .
Among the radiological diagnostic methods play a special role urography and computed tomography .
In particular, intravenous urography can provide information about the state of the ureters , which are held in the retroperitoneal space - an area in which there are metastases of testicular cancer .
However , the most important method of diagnosis of testicular cancer is a biopsy , as only she can give a precise answer to the question , what kind of tumor in the patient. In this biopsy is that a doctor using a thick needle puncture produces tumor formation , during which a piece of testicular tissue is taken . She then examined under a microscope . The presence of malignant cells in the biopsy specimen is evidence of testicular cancer . In addition, only a biopsy reveals the tumor type , the nature of its current and aggressiveness.
Then the doctor collects the so-called history , the history of the patient's life and how the disease developed . It is necessary, first, to find out the possible contributing factors , as well as to evaluate the aggressiveness of the tumor and its rate of growth.
Next comes the inspection and palpation of the patient. The first doctor examines bodies scrotum . Ranked appearance, skin color. After that the doctor feels the scrotum , as well as areas of regional lymph nodes . It is this method of examination reveals a tumor , to assess its size, shape , density, soreness.
Next carefully palpated and abdomen , as testicular cancer and can metastasize to lymph nodes , located in the abdominal cavity.
Should be said about this is not less important in terms of preventive method of investigating how self-examination . When this man inspects his monthly scrotum and palpate her . If you suspect the presence of a tumor or seals should consult a urologist . Skills Training is especially recommended for people with high risk of testicular cancer .
The best time for self-examination - while taking a warm bath or shower or bath when the skin of the scrotum and testicles relaxed maximally lowered into the scrotum. Palpation should be gentle , not oppressive movement . Fingers should like skim the surface eggs, so you can catch changes its shape in the presence of a tumor.
Thus the patient may be noted that more than one egg a few other and located just below . This is the norm . Furthermore, on top of the posterior surface of the testicle can be felt in the form of epididymis cord , which should not be confused with the tumor. Appendage used to transport sperm to the seminal vesicles .
Very important tool in the diagnosis of testicular cancer are special methods and tests, such as ultrasound of the scrotum , biopsies and blood tests for tumor markers .
Scrotal ultrasound - an important method of diagnosis , including diseases of the scrotum . Unfortunately, only one ultrasound can not accurately set the diagnosis of testicular cancer , but it helps to determine which character has one or other pathology, show the presence of fluid in the scrotum , which simulates a tumor or cyst.
Blood tests. As we have said , in some forms of testicular cancer in the blood levels of certain hormones. Moreover , this disease increases in blood levels of certain substances, which are signs of cancer - the so called tumor markers . For example, for neseminomnyh tumors characterized by increased levels of so-called alpha- fetoprotein ( AFP) . Levels of certain hormones may increase as in seminoma and nonseminoma at . In some types of testicular cancer in the late stage may increase the level of enzymes (eg , LDH ) .
Among the radiological diagnostic methods play a special role urography and computed tomography .
In particular, intravenous urography can provide information about the state of the ureters , which are held in the retroperitoneal space - an area in which there are metastases of testicular cancer .
However , the most important method of diagnosis of testicular cancer is a biopsy , as only she can give a precise answer to the question , what kind of tumor in the patient. In this biopsy is that a doctor using a thick needle puncture produces tumor formation , during which a piece of testicular tissue is taken . She then examined under a microscope . The presence of malignant cells in the biopsy specimen is evidence of testicular cancer . In addition, only a biopsy reveals the tumor type , the nature of its current and aggressiveness.
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