Cancer of the vulva and vagina

The leading cause of these tumors is considered a viral infection transmitted through sexual contact and. Revealed strict dependence of cancer of the vagina and vulva cancer patients on the presence of genital warts in the past. In addition, the relationship proved occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina from infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV). According to the cancer center of Lyon, viruses HPV-16 and 18 are responsible for 70% of cancers of the vagina and vulva 30-40% of tumors. To move infection to cancer are needed long-term hormonal contraceptives, smoking, sexual hyperactivity or chlamydial infection (Chlamydiatrashomatis).

Significantly more cancer vulva and vagina is caused by radiation therapy for cervical cancer and a long-term period, if such treatment is not carried out. The relationship is now forbidden receiving estrogen (17β-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol) during pregnancy by mothers (70 years) with cancer of the vulva and vagina of their daughters. Yet to identify the cause of cancer and etiologic factors have failed to do in all cases. 

Vaginal Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment

Primary cancer of the vagina is considered to be a rare form of cancer zlokachestvennoyzhenskoy. It is 1-3% of all gynecologic tumors. In the US this type of cancer are diagnosed each year in 2 100-2 300 patients and ascertain 600-700 deaths. Cancer affects women 17 to 85 years with a peak interval of 50-60 years.

According to the International Federationof Gynaecologyand Obstetrics (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) survival rates of more than 5 years in oncology vlagalischav 80s were: I st - 61,5%, II Cm 33,7%, III Cm 25.5% , IVst - 8.9%. According to the University of Texas, the five-year survival rate in 2005 was: I st. - 85%, II art. - 78%, III-IV Art. - 58%, which is the result of applying new methods of treatment.Histologically, the majority of vaginal cancer (81-95%) - squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma is not more than 3.5%, and even more rare melanoma. Precancers vaginal epithelium is its dysplasia.

The symptoms of vaginal cancer represented by the triad: bleeding (53%), whites and pain. In 15% of patients the tumor grows bessimptomno.Simptomy combined in 1 \ 3 patients. Dependence on the stage of the cancer symptoms are not observed. The spread of cancer to the urethra, bladder or rectum is accompanied by symptoms of urinary disorders and \ or chair. Violation of the general condition was observed in the IV century disease.

    Bleeding is not abundant, occur after sexual intercourse, or spontaneously, scarlet blood. You should alert menopausal bleeding.
    Beli similar to the allocation for thrush because their origin is largely due to the activation of the fungal flora and acceding inflammation.
    The pain may be accompanied by first sexual intercourse, gradually acquiring a permanent character.

Diagnosis of vaginal cancer (even if there are no symptoms) is available in normal gynecological examination. To clarify the diagnosis gynecologist takes suspicious areas mucosal epithelium for histological examination. To clarify the extent of the process used ultrasound cysto- and sigmoidoscopy, X-ray, and others.

Treatment of vaginal cancer carried out in accordance with step process. In stage 0 (preinvasive carcinoma mucous layer) are equally good wide excision, cryosurgery or laser removal, which give 100% five-year survival rate. When invasive (germinating) cancer therapy remains the primary method of radiation. Indications for surgical treatment of narrowed. Chemotherapy is used as an auxiliary method (fluorouracil). Favorable prognostic tumors of the upper third of the vagina.

Cancer of the vulva: Symptoms and TreatmentIn the United States each year become ill and 4000 die of 800 women with cancer of the vulva. They affect women over 55 years with a peak interval of 65-70 years. The risk of this cancer in their lifetime is 0.2%. Five-year survival of cancer patients in the United States - 67.9%. Histologically, 90% of vulvar cancers - squamous cell carcinoma.Almost 70% of cancer localized in the large and small labia. About 15% of tumors located in the crotch and 15% - in the clitoris. In stage III-IV tumor process spreads to the vagina, urethra, anus, pelvic bones.

The symptoms of vulvar cancer: pain, itching, burning, formation of tumor with ulceration and bleeding. 5% of patients the tumor grows asymptomatically. Cancer of the vulva is external to the tumor, which is not difficult to diagnose, but stage III-IV tumors detected in 30-50% of cancer patients, due to the late negotiability. Therefore, any suspicious spots, seals, changes in skin color in the area of ​​the external genitalia should be examined by a doctor.

Treatment for vulvar cancer is always surgical: wide excision of the tumor and surrounding tissue, lymph nodes. In the pre- and postoperative periods prescribed courses of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.